Business report for Jaguar Land Rover Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business report for Jaguar Land Rover - Essay Example In the current study, online questionnaire survey is selected to gather the data. The study will be outlining automobile market condition and position of Jaguar Land Rover. According to researchers, automotive industry of the UK is holding the top position in terms of exporting to different countries. Major firms have invested more than  £6 billion over the last three years from 2012 to 2014 (Kpmg.com, 2015b). Researchers have argued that automotive sales faced the challenge of financial recession effectively. High end car manufacturers are able to recover their loss and developed their income level same as the pre-recessional state. The UK based car industry is expected to increase the production level to 2 million vehicles by the year 2017. It will be the highest level of output in such industry during the last 10 years (Kpmg.com, 2015a). Moreover, UK based automotive industry also indicates that nearly 1,509,762 cars were constructed during the year 2013. Within which 87,671 were developed for the commercial purpose. The industry also produced almost 2,553,316 engines during the period (Kpmg.com, 2015b). The industry recorded with a revenue generation of  £59.3 billion during the year 2013-2014. The industry is having different car manufacturers like the Bentley, Infiniti, London Taxi Company, Ford and Jaguar Land Rover (SMMT, 2015). These firms are producing different types of cars and spare parts for the local and international demands. The industry or the firms can be justified based on some segments like manufacturing, supply chain, economy, business environment and environmental credentials (SMMT, 2015). The UK automobile industry outlines that there are nearly seven mainstream car companies, seven commercial automobile producers and nine bus and coach manufacturers (Kpmg.com, 2015a). In addition, it is also observed that premium and sports cars are gaining interest among the UK based automotive market and there are almost eight

The United States Pharmacopeial Convention Essay - 5

The United States Pharmacopeial Convention - Essay Example In America, alone people spend almost $21.3 billion dollars each year on diet supplements. So the question still remains as to whether this money is a waste or whether these people truly benefit from these Vitamins and fortified foods. That is why we have some non-profit organizations that are establishing that to be able to regulate these products in America. One of these organizations includes; the United States Pharmacopeial conventions (USP) (Thompson and Manore 186). The United States Pharmacopeial Convention (USP) is a nonprofit making organization that is scientific. Its main function is to set standards of identity, strength, quality and medicines that are pure ingredients of food, distributing manufactured supplements of diet and consumed globally. The enforcing of USPs drug standards in the United States is by the administration of food and drugs. Developing these standards and, more than 130 countries rely on them. More than 800 volunteer experts mainly develop and revise the USP standards. Some of these volunteers include; the international participants who work with the USP under rules that are of strict conflict-of-interest. Establishing USP was first in 1820, since then it has helped to secure the American drugs supply that is of quality. To strengthen this legacy, today USP is working with scientists, practitioners and regulators that help protect the health of the public internationally, from various countries (Thompson and Manore 186). The United States Pharmacopeial Conventions whose mission is to see a world that has its citizens have high-quality access, safe and beneficial foods and medicines.  USP approaches this vision urgently and with a purpose.

Jane Eyre Vs Wuthering Heights

Jane Eyre Vs Wuthering Heights The Bronte sisters definitely played a major role in the English literature. They wrote in a style which is called Gothic fiction or sometimes Gothic Horror, this style is an extension of the Romantic Movement. The Bronte family had six children, Charlotte was the third child, and Emily was the fifth child in the family of Bronte. They novels were admitted as sensational and now they count as a part of the English Classicism Literature. Jane Eyre is the most famous novel of Charlotte Bronte and one of the most famous novels in Great Britain. The novel reflects perfectly the fundamental relationships of the society of that time in Great Britain. Passion, search for love and family, differences between social classes and role of the women in society of that time, all is included. Wuthering Heights is Emilys Bronte only novel, which tells about passions which can rise in the heart of lovers, about how circumstances may change the way of life and what is most important, it is a portrait of womans heart. Jane Eyre is a novel written by Charlotte Bronte which was published for the first time in 1847. It tells a story about a young girl Jane, which had lost her parents in the early childhood. Because of that, she must life with her aunt and cousins, the Reeds, at the Gates head Hall. They treat this innocent orphan very badly. Later on, Jane finishes a religious boarding school for orphans, after that she works as a teacher for two more years, until she is eighteen years old. At eighteen she decides to leave the institution and begins to work as a governess. Her duty now is to watch after a little French girl, Adele Varens, at a country house called Thornfield. At Thornfield she meets Mr. Rochester and they both fall in love with each other. All is going well, but Mr. Rochester has some dark secrets from his past. At the day when Mr. Rochester and Jane should marry, two men arrive at the church and claim, that he is already married. Mr. Rochester tries to explain, that his wife is not mentally normal and that his father made him to marry her, because of the familys money. However, Jane refuses to listen and runs away from him. With no money for existence she almost dies, however a kind Rivers family finds her and provides a shelter for her. Later on it turns out, that Rivers siblings are actually her cousins. They live quite well, but then St. John (her cousin) offers her to marry him and travel to India as missioners. Jane almost agrees, but then one night, she sees a dream where Mr. Rochester is calling her from the void. After this strange dream, she decides to visit Thornfield. As she goes there, she finds out, that the house has been burnt to the ground, and that Mr. Rochester, while trying to save his mad wife from the fire has lost one eye, one hand and is blind. Jane now finds Mr. Rochester, he tells how hard he tried to find her and could not succeed in it. She offers her help as a housekeeper or a nurse, but deep inside she wants, that Mr. Rochester off er her to marry him. After a short period he does so, they have a quiet wedding and after several years, his vision is gradually turning back to him. Wuthering Heights is a gothic novel written by Emily Bronte and it is her only work. It was first published in 1847. The story is set in Yorkshire moors, in winter 1801 a man named Lockwood in the search of solitude rents a country house called Thrushcross Grange. Here he finds out about his landlord and neighbour, Heathcliff a man who lives in exaltation. Nelly Dean is the housekeeper of Thrushcross Grange, and Lockwood asks her to tell the story of Heathcliff. Nelly starts her story with remembering her childhood; when she worked as a young girl at Wuthering Heights as a servant girl for Earnshaws family. Once Mr. Earnshaw left his family, because of the business in Liverpool, he returns back home with an orphan boy. At first Mr. Earnshaw children, that is Hindley and Catherine hates the dark hair orphan, but soon Catherin feels love for young Heathcliff and they start to spend all their time together. However, Hindley feels nothing, but disgust and hate to Heathcliff. Later on, Mr . Earnshaws wife dies and as time is passing Mr. Earnshaw starts to prefer Heatchcliff over his own child. He even sends Hindley away to the college. Passes three more years, and death takes away Mr. Earnshaw. As Mr. Earnshaw dies, Hindley returns to Wuthering Heights from his banishment. He returns with his wife, Frances, and immediately starts his revenge on Heathcliff. Hindley forces Heathcliff to work on fields as a common worker. Catherine still feels love for Heathcliff. One day they both decide to visit Linton family, who inhabited Thrushcross Grange at that time. As they approach Thrushcross Grange, the dogs come out and Catherine is bitten by one of them. Lintons take her to their house, however Heathcliff leaves it immediately. Because of injuries, she is forced to stay at Thrushcross Grange. She stays there for almost five weeks and during that time Mrs. Linton, who feels interest for Catherine Earnshaw, teaches her how to behave properly and how to be a lady. Another thi ng is that as Catherine returns to Wuthering Heights, she is already charmed by Edgar, the son of the Linton family and her relationship with Heathcliff, becomes much more complicated. Soon, another tragedy happens in Wuthering Heights, Frances (Hindleys wife) dies when giving birth to a son. After this happens, Hindley starts to abuse alcohol and his attitude towards other people in Wuthering Heights change dramatically, and the most cruelty and rage is turned against Heathcliff. Catherine after inhabiting Lintons house for almost five weeks and meeting Edgar Linton, feels need for social status improvement and becomes engaged with Edgar. Heathcliff banishes himself from Wuthering Heights for three years. As he returns, Catherine and Edgar are already married. Heathcliff feels rage and is full of hate; moreover he has a mysterious fortune in his hands. Hindley is continuing abuse the alcohol and Heathcliff is lending money to him without any mercy, knowing that it will increase Hin dleys total debts. Hindley dies. Heathcliff buys Wuthering Heights and marries Isabella Linton, so he can become a master of Thrushcross Grange. He treats Isabella very cruelly after the marriage. Meanwhile, Catherine gives birth to a beautiful daughter, also named Catherine, and dies during the childbirth. Heathcliff feels desperate and crushed; he begs Catherine to remain on Earth and be with him. Isabella goes to London and gives birth to a son of Heathcliff and stays there. Nelly Dean serves as a nurse of Heathcliffs daughter for thirteen years at Thrushcross Grange. After thirteen years, Isabella dies and her son is forced to move to Wuthering Heights to live with his father, that is Heathcliff. After three years, young Catherine meets Hareton (Hindleys son) near the moors of Wuthering Heights. Later on she decides to visit the estate and meets a young Linton. They both begin romance in letters, however this romance is not real, Heathcliff forces Catherine to write to Linton, b ecause of hope, that she will marry him, so he could claim all rights on Thrushcross Grange. Later on Edgar falls ill and is near to death; Heathcliff steals Nelly Dean and Catherin; until Catherin agrees to marry young Linton. Soon after their marriage Edgar dies, and soon after that, the death takes away young Linton as well. Heathcliff now becomes a master of both estates. Catherine is all alone and Heathcliff makes her life in Wuthering Heights as a nightmare. At this point Nellys story ends and reaches the present moment, when Lockwood arrived. Lockwood shocked ends his visit in Thrushcross Grange and turns back to London. After the six months Lockwood decides to make a second visit. There he finds out, that Heathcliff has died one night. Also, Catherine lives and feels interest for Haerton, even though at first she made a laugh at his appearance and illiteracy. Later on Lockwood decides to visit the grave of Catherine and Heathcliff. Definitely more mysterious mood and plot is in Wuthering Heights, Jane Eyre do not show so many mysteries in its plot. However, in Jane Eyre Jane sees a dream where Mr. Rochester is calling her from the abyss, same is in Wuthering Heights also, after reading strange letters in Heathcliffs house Lockwood sees a ghost. If look at Wuthering Heights one can see that work is written according to restrictions of time, place and manner. However, if place and manner is included in this work, the restriction of time is not, because the events take more than 24 hours until the culmination of the drama. Contrary, Jane Eyre does not follow these three restrictions. As for drama, Wuthering Heights definitely outscores Jane Eyre, more events happens in the first novel, even though they are all around the estate. What is similar in both stories is happy end, if we look at Jane Eyre Mr. Rochester marries Jane, however he is invalid and his vision is damaged. In Wuthering Heights, Haerton and Catheri ne also at the end live together and plan to marry, but we cannot say that it is a happy end of the story, because so many deaths happened during the storyline. Another similarity of these two stories is their semantic similarity. During my research, I pointed out, that for both stories semantic fields would be as follows: death, marriage, family life. And for conclusion, one more similarity can be distinguished, Jane becomes an orphan and Heathcliff was brought to Wuthering Heights as also as an orphan. Conclusion Probably, if one will read at least one of the two discussed works and will like it, he will read the other offered work by Bronte family as well. Both works are rich with context, which describes the way of life during the 19th century.

A Developing Epidemic in Argentina :: Buenos Aires Journalism Influenza Health Essays

A Developing Epidemic in Argentina BUENOS AIRES, Argentina--December is one of the loveliest times of year in the southern hemisphere of South America. On a typical summer day on a warm, Sunday afternoon, residents of Buenos Aires enjoy a relaxing jaunt along the Avenida de Mayo where one can browse the numerous shops of rare antiquities or simply retire to drinking tea in front of one of the many cafes along the avenue. Families with boisterous children picnic within the many public parks and gardens and bask in the warm sun. Expecting to revel in the long days of summer, I was surprised to find that these scenes that danced in my memory, while fighting sea-sickness en route, have vanished along with the citizens of Buenos Aires. The streets of the city are quiet, day and night. This proud South American city with its traditional colonial origins and its progressive embracement of modernity has become a ghost town of fear, fear of the illness that U.S. citizens know as the Spanish Influenza. According the local authorities, the origins of Influenza was brought by ships traveling from North American ports to Buenos Aires. Currently, port authorities have been cautious with the admission of foreign vessels and have established a quarantine period prior to entry. U.S. clipper ships the Elsie and the Snowdon, along with the steamer, the Royston Grange of Edinburgh have been subject to this quarantine which not only limits their admission into port, but also places an embargo on certain perishable goods. These actions have provided dire consequences for the local economy. Because of a lack of foreign goods, many dock workers are jobless along with local merchants facing scarcities which have greatly inflated the price of certain foods. While this is a serious economic situation, authorities of Buenos Aires feel justified in their restrictions and cite current statistics related to the spread of influenza. As of last Monday, the civil registry in Buenos Aires reported that in one district, as many as 192 deaths from influenza occurred just on that day. Because of this large amount of death, the local cemetery was unable to offer proper burials to 155 of those victims. City leaders are beginning to realize that preventative methods are the best means of defense against influenza. Public address messages about personal hygiene are published in papers and broadcast on the radio.

Int Fin

Sample Midterm #1 Questions 1. Which of the following does not constitute a form of direct foreign investment? a. Franchising b. International trade c. Joint ventures d. Acquisitions of existing operations e. Establishment of new foreign subsidiaries 2. Which of the following theories identifies specialization as a reason for international business? a. theory of comparative advantage. b. imperfect markets theory. c. product cycle theory. d. none of the above 3. Agency costs faced by multinational corporations (MNCs) may be larger than those faced by purely domestic firms because a.Monitoring of managers located in foreign countries is more difficult. b. Foreign subsidiary managers raised in different cultures may not follow uniform goals. c. MNCs are relatively large. d. All of the above e. A and B only 4. Which of the following industries would most likely take advantage of lower costs in some less developed foreign countries? a. assembly line production. b. specialized professional services. c. nuclear missile planning. d. planning for more sophisticated computer technology. 5. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) increased restrictions on: a. rade between Canada and Mexico. b. trade between Canada and the U. S. c. direct foreign investment in Mexico by U. S. firms. d. none of the above. 6. Which of the following is mentioned in the text as a possible means by which the government may attempt to improve its balance of trade position (increase its exports or reduce its imports). a. It could attempt to reduce its home currency's value. b. The government could require firms to engage in outsourcing. c. The government could require that its local firms pursue outsourcing. d. All of the above are mentioned. . If a country's government imposes a tariff on imported goods, that country's current account balance will likely ____ (assuming no retaliation by other governments). a. decrease b. increase c. remain unaffected d. either A or C are possible 8. Assu me that a bank's bid rate on Swiss francs is $. 45 and its ask rate is $. 47. Its bid-ask percentage spread is: a. about 4. 44%. b. about 4. 26%. c. about 4. 03%. d. about 4. 17%. 9. If a U. S. firm desires to avoid the risk from exchange rate fluctuations, and it is receiving 100,000 in 90 days, it could: a. btain a 90-day forward purchase contract on euros. b. obtain a 90-day forward sale contract on euros. c. purchase euros 90 days from now at the spot rate. d. sell euros 90 days from now at the spot rate. 10. LIBOR is: a. the interest rate commonly charged for loans between banks. b. the average inflation rate in European countries. c. the maximum loan rate ceiling on loans in the international money market. d. the maximum deposit rate ceiling on deposits in the international money market. e. the maximum interest rate offered on bonds that are issued in London. 11. Eurobonds: a. an be issued only by European firms. b. can be sold only to European investors. c. A and B d. none of the above 12. A Japanese yen is worth $. 0080, and a Fijian dollar (F$) is worth $. 5900. What is the value of the yen in Fijian dollars (i. e. , how many Fijian dollars do you need to buy a yen)? a. 73. 75. b. 125. c. 1. 69. d. 0. 014. e. none of the above 13. A quotation representing the value of a foreign currency in dollars is referred to as a(n) ____ quotation; a quotation representing the number of units of a foreign currency per dollar is referred to as a(n) ____ quotation. . direct; indirect b. indirect; direct c. direct; direct d. indirect; indirect e. cannot be answered without more information 14. The value of the Australian dollar (A$) today is $0. 73. Yesterday, the value of the Australian dollar was $0. 69. The Australian dollar ____ by ____%. a. depreciated; 5. 80 b. depreciated; 4. 00 c. appreciated; 5. 80 d. appreciated; 4. 00 15. Baylor Bank believes the New Zealand dollar will appreciate over the next five days from $. 48 to $. 50. The following annual interest r ates apply: Currency Dollars New Zealand dollar (NZ$) Lending Rate 7. 10% . 80% Borrowing Rate 7. 50% 7. 25% Baylor Bank has the capacity to borrow either NZ$10 million or $5 million. If Baylor Bank's forecast is correct, what will its dollar profit be from speculation over the five-day period (assuming it does not use any of its existing consumer deposits to capitalize on its expectations)? a. $521,325. b. $500,520. c. $104,262. d. $413,419. e. $208,044. 16. If inflation increases substantially in Australia while U. S. inflation remains unchanged, this is expected to place ____ pressure on the value of the Australian dollar with respect to the U. S. ollar. a. upward b. downward c. either upward or downward (depending on the degree of the increase in Australian inflation) d. none of the above; there will be no impact 17. The one-year forward rate of the British pound is quoted at $1. 60, and the spot rate of the British pound is quoted at $1. 63. The forward ____ is ____ percent. a. discount; 1. 9 b. discount; 1. 8 c. premium; 1. 9 d. premium; 1. 8 18. If your firm expects the euro to substantially depreciate, it could speculate by ____ euro call options or ____ euros forward in the forward exchange market. a. selling; selling . selling; purchasing c. purchasing; purchasing d. purchasing; selling 19. Assume that a speculator purchases a put option on British pounds (with a strike price of $1. 50) for $. 05 per unit. A pound option represents 31,250 units. Assume that at the time of the purchase, the spot rate of the pound is $1. 51 and continually rises to $1. 62 by the expiration date. The highest net profit possible for the speculator based on the information above is: a. $1,562. 50. b. ?$1,562. 50. c. ?$1,250. 00. d. ?$625. 00. 20. You purchase a call option on pounds for a premium of $. 3 per unit, with an exercise price of $1. 64; the option will not be exercised until the expiration date, if at all. If the spot rate on the expiration date is $1. 65, your net profit per unit is: a. ?$. 03. b. ?$. 02. c. ?$. 01. d. $. 02. e. none of the above 21. A U. S. corporation has purchased currency call options to hedge a 70,000 pound payable. The premium is $. 02 and the exercise price of the option is $. 50. If the spot rate at the time of maturity is $. 65, what is the total amount paid by the corporation if it acts rationally? a. $33,600. b. $46,900. c. $44,100. d. $36,400. 22.Which of the following is not true regarding the Mexican peso crisis? a. Mexico encouraged firms and consumers to buy an excessive amount of imports because the peso was stronger than it should have been. b. Many speculators based in the U. S. speculated on the potential decline in the peso by investing their funds in Mexico. c. In December of 1994, the central bank of Mexico allowed the peso to float freely. d. The central bank of Mexico increased interest rates after the peso declined in value in order to prevent investors from withdrawing their investments in Mexi co's debt securities. e. All of the above are true. Int Fin Sample Midterm #1 Questions 1. Which of the following does not constitute a form of direct foreign investment? a. Franchising b. International trade c. Joint ventures d. Acquisitions of existing operations e. Establishment of new foreign subsidiaries 2. Which of the following theories identifies specialization as a reason for international business? a. theory of comparative advantage. b. imperfect markets theory. c. product cycle theory. d. none of the above 3. Agency costs faced by multinational corporations (MNCs) may be larger than those faced by purely domestic firms because a.Monitoring of managers located in foreign countries is more difficult. b. Foreign subsidiary managers raised in different cultures may not follow uniform goals. c. MNCs are relatively large. d. All of the above e. A and B only 4. Which of the following industries would most likely take advantage of lower costs in some less developed foreign countries? a. assembly line production. b. specialized professional services. c. nuclear missile planning. d. planning for more sophisticated computer technology. 5. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) increased restrictions on: a. rade between Canada and Mexico. b. trade between Canada and the U. S. c. direct foreign investment in Mexico by U. S. firms. d. none of the above. 6. Which of the following is mentioned in the text as a possible means by which the government may attempt to improve its balance of trade position (increase its exports or reduce its imports). a. It could attempt to reduce its home currency's value. b. The government could require firms to engage in outsourcing. c. The government could require that its local firms pursue outsourcing. d. All of the above are mentioned. . If a country's government imposes a tariff on imported goods, that country's current account balance will likely ____ (assuming no retaliation by other governments). a. decrease b. increase c. remain unaffected d. either A or C are possible 8. Assu me that a bank's bid rate on Swiss francs is $. 45 and its ask rate is $. 47. Its bid-ask percentage spread is: a. about 4. 44%. b. about 4. 26%. c. about 4. 03%. d. about 4. 17%. 9. If a U. S. firm desires to avoid the risk from exchange rate fluctuations, and it is receiving 100,000 in 90 days, it could: a. btain a 90-day forward purchase contract on euros. b. obtain a 90-day forward sale contract on euros. c. purchase euros 90 days from now at the spot rate. d. sell euros 90 days from now at the spot rate. 10. LIBOR is: a. the interest rate commonly charged for loans between banks. b. the average inflation rate in European countries. c. the maximum loan rate ceiling on loans in the international money market. d. the maximum deposit rate ceiling on deposits in the international money market. e. the maximum interest rate offered on bonds that are issued in London. 11. Eurobonds: a. an be issued only by European firms. b. can be sold only to European investors. c. A and B d. none of the above 12. A Japanese yen is worth $. 0080, and a Fijian dollar (F$) is worth $. 5900. What is the value of the yen in Fijian dollars (i. e. , how many Fijian dollars do you need to buy a yen)? a. 73. 75. b. 125. c. 1. 69. d. 0. 014. e. none of the above 13. A quotation representing the value of a foreign currency in dollars is referred to as a(n) ____ quotation; a quotation representing the number of units of a foreign currency per dollar is referred to as a(n) ____ quotation. . direct; indirect b. indirect; direct c. direct; direct d. indirect; indirect e. cannot be answered without more information 14. The value of the Australian dollar (A$) today is $0. 73. Yesterday, the value of the Australian dollar was $0. 69. The Australian dollar ____ by ____%. a. depreciated; 5. 80 b. depreciated; 4. 00 c. appreciated; 5. 80 d. appreciated; 4. 00 15. Baylor Bank believes the New Zealand dollar will appreciate over the next five days from $. 48 to $. 50. The following annual interest r ates apply: Currency Dollars New Zealand dollar (NZ$) Lending Rate 7. 10% . 80% Borrowing Rate 7. 50% 7. 25% Baylor Bank has the capacity to borrow either NZ$10 million or $5 million. If Baylor Bank's forecast is correct, what will its dollar profit be from speculation over the five-day period (assuming it does not use any of its existing consumer deposits to capitalize on its expectations)? a. $521,325. b. $500,520. c. $104,262. d. $413,419. e. $208,044. 16. If inflation increases substantially in Australia while U. S. inflation remains unchanged, this is expected to place ____ pressure on the value of the Australian dollar with respect to the U. S. ollar. a. upward b. downward c. either upward or downward (depending on the degree of the increase in Australian inflation) d. none of the above; there will be no impact 17. The one-year forward rate of the British pound is quoted at $1. 60, and the spot rate of the British pound is quoted at $1. 63. The forward ____ is ____ percent. a. discount; 1. 9 b. discount; 1. 8 c. premium; 1. 9 d. premium; 1. 8 18. If your firm expects the euro to substantially depreciate, it could speculate by ____ euro call options or ____ euros forward in the forward exchange market. a. selling; selling . selling; purchasing c. purchasing; purchasing d. purchasing; selling 19. Assume that a speculator purchases a put option on British pounds (with a strike price of $1. 50) for $. 05 per unit. A pound option represents 31,250 units. Assume that at the time of the purchase, the spot rate of the pound is $1. 51 and continually rises to $1. 62 by the expiration date. The highest net profit possible for the speculator based on the information above is: a. $1,562. 50. b. ?$1,562. 50. c. ?$1,250. 00. d. ?$625. 00. 20. You purchase a call option on pounds for a premium of $. 3 per unit, with an exercise price of $1. 64; the option will not be exercised until the expiration date, if at all. If the spot rate on the expiration date is $1. 65, your net profit per unit is: a. ?$. 03. b. ?$. 02. c. ?$. 01. d. $. 02. e. none of the above 21. A U. S. corporation has purchased currency call options to hedge a 70,000 pound payable. The premium is $. 02 and the exercise price of the option is $. 50. If the spot rate at the time of maturity is $. 65, what is the total amount paid by the corporation if it acts rationally? a. $33,600. b. $46,900. c. $44,100. d. $36,400. 22.Which of the following is not true regarding the Mexican peso crisis? a. Mexico encouraged firms and consumers to buy an excessive amount of imports because the peso was stronger than it should have been. b. Many speculators based in the U. S. speculated on the potential decline in the peso by investing their funds in Mexico. c. In December of 1994, the central bank of Mexico allowed the peso to float freely. d. The central bank of Mexico increased interest rates after the peso declined in value in order to prevent investors from withdrawing their investments in Mexi co's debt securities. e. All of the above are true.

When Celebrity Endorsement Succeeds

WHEN CELEBRITY ENDORSEMENT SUCCEEDS! Celebrity endorsement is defined as a form of brand or advertising campaign that involves a well known person using their fame to help promote a product or service. The basic principle is quiet simple, people like celebrities, so if a celebrity likes a product people will like it. According to industry sources, 20% of all television commercials features a famous person.I believe that celebrity endorsement is a good way for a company to promote its product through its consumers, celebrities appear in roughly one-fifth of ads, according to market researchers, and a single company like Nike might spend around half a billion dollars a year on endorsements . Celebrities greatly influence our consumer decisions in making purchases on certain products or brands. Advertisers have always found unique ways of getting the consumers attention, and elevating the status of a particular product.The Nike empire has many famous athletes sponsoring their product, s uch as Lebron James, Troy Polamalu, and Tiger woods. These athletes are just some of hundreds that Nike has sponsored over the years. From their endorsements, consumers are constantly seeing the best sports players in the world using Nike equipment, shoes, or other Nike brand products. This in turn gives one the sense of Nike being the best, since the best professionals are using it. Thus making the consumer want to buy Nike's products.Another great example is, Gillette's Mach Fusion advertisement featuring Tiger Woods, Roger Federer, and Thierry Henry, combined all three of the best golf, tennis, and soccer players in its razor commercial. â€Å"A sign of a celebrity is that his name is often worth more than his services. † – Daniel J Boorstin Also, in my own point of view, I don’t think a bad celebrity endorsement that backfires can affect the consumer buying behaviour. According to Katyal. S (2011), Sainsbury’s encountered a problem with Catherine Zeta Jones, whom the company used for its recipe advertisements, when she was caught shopping in Tesco.A similar case happened with Britney Spears who endorsed one cola brand and was repeatedly caught drinking another brand of cola on tape. I totally disagree with this claim, why will people not want to buy a recipe from Sainsbury because Catherina Zeta Jones was caught using a different product, are they trying to say she should only use the product she advertises on TV? And concerning Britney spears, is she only suppose to devote her life to coca cola brands only? Assuming she was thirsty for sprite of fanta, she should not drink it in public because she advertised for coca cola brand only.People don’t really understand what consumer endorsement means, if a certain celebrity is used for a product, it means that product is good enough for everybody that's if you like the person being used. Example, the Nike snicker being advertised by Lebron James, he is used because of his popu larity and his athletic background which is a successful one. They mean, if a person like Lebron can use their product, u can use it too. And it's telling its customers that Lebron has approved the product top be a good one which is why he signed the endorsement contract.

Free Essays on A Diversity Of Colonists

When many of the settlers came over to New England, they had Puritan beliefs. John Winthrop, was the first governor of New England in the Massachusetts colony. According to Winthrop, God had entered into a covenant with the Puritans, just as they had entered into a covenant with one another. They had all taken risks coming to Boston, and they were going to find out if they could build a community based on the word of God (Boydston, 78). In Winthrop’s speech, â€Å"We shall be a city upon a hill, the eyes of all people are upon us,† he is saying that they will be a role model community and will have to live up to the expectations (Winthrop, 72). In order for their society to work, everyone would have to work together through thick and thin. By entering this covenant, the settlers had to establish a government and distribute the land that they held collectively (Boydston, 79). Social class was also important as the rich and powerful were supposed to take care of th e poor and powerless. Town meetings were also held and people were elected to be in charge. In the home, parents were required to teach their children to read the Bible (Boydston, 81). Religion in this colony apparently played a major role in everyday life. Pennsylvania took its name from its founder, William Penn. This colony found in 1681 demonstrated the potential of a colony that offered both religious toleration and economic opportunity (Boydston, 95). Penn looks at new colonies as seeds of their larger nation. A colony must look back to its mother country for help when first being established. Penn believes that plantations strengthen England for a few reasons. The industries of other plantations is worth more than if one would stay home. People experience all the necessities and conveniences in other plantations that they might not be allowed in their own (Penn, 74). Pennsylvania was in an ideal location for navigation due to the Delaware River... Free Essays on A Diversity Of Colonists Free Essays on A Diversity Of Colonists When many of the settlers came over to New England, they had Puritan beliefs. John Winthrop, was the first governor of New England in the Massachusetts colony. According to Winthrop, God had entered into a covenant with the Puritans, just as they had entered into a covenant with one another. They had all taken risks coming to Boston, and they were going to find out if they could build a community based on the word of God (Boydston, 78). In Winthrop’s speech, â€Å"We shall be a city upon a hill, the eyes of all people are upon us,† he is saying that they will be a role model community and will have to live up to the expectations (Winthrop, 72). In order for their society to work, everyone would have to work together through thick and thin. By entering this covenant, the settlers had to establish a government and distribute the land that they held collectively (Boydston, 79). Social class was also important as the rich and powerful were supposed to take care of th e poor and powerless. Town meetings were also held and people were elected to be in charge. In the home, parents were required to teach their children to read the Bible (Boydston, 81). Religion in this colony apparently played a major role in everyday life. Pennsylvania took its name from its founder, William Penn. This colony found in 1681 demonstrated the potential of a colony that offered both religious toleration and economic opportunity (Boydston, 95). Penn looks at new colonies as seeds of their larger nation. A colony must look back to its mother country for help when first being established. Penn believes that plantations strengthen England for a few reasons. The industries of other plantations is worth more than if one would stay home. People experience all the necessities and conveniences in other plantations that they might not be allowed in their own (Penn, 74). Pennsylvania was in an ideal location for navigation due to the Delaware River...

Advances in mobile phone app development and their relevance for social entrepreneurs The WritePass Journal

Advances in mobile phone app development and their relevance for social entrepreneurs Abstract Advances in mobile phone app development and their relevance for social entrepreneurs ).   Mobile technologies offer hold great prospect in providing the poor with accessibility to public and private services. Although a large number of these subscribers use mobile phones mainly for voice and texting purposes, social entrepreneurs can use its platform to develop a wide range of applications for delivering a broad set of services. Social entrepreneurs can collaborate with a wide range of service providers to launch such applications. This study looks at the prospects of using mobile phone platforms and applications for social entrepreneurship. It will present a literature review which will elaborate the concept of social entrepreneurship and provide examples of various mobile phone applications currently being used for social entrepreneurship. Using a case study approach, this study will then assess a social entrepreneurship initiative in Kenya named ‘M-PESA’. The findings this study will analyze the relevance of mobile technologies in creating social va lue. It will be followed by the analysis of the findings and some recommendations. Literature Review Social entrepreneurs are those that act as â€Å"change agents in the social sectors by adopting and working towards a mission that creates and sustain social not private value, by identifying new opportunities to serve the mission, by involving themselves completely in the process of continuous innovation, adaption and learning, by exhibiting a bold behaviour by not being limited to the current available resources and showing a great sense of responsibility and accountability for the set outcomes and goals†Ã‚   (Dees, 1998). Due to the widespread prevalence of mobile technologies among the mass population in both developed and developing societies, it can play a critical role in assisting social entrepreneurs in confirming to the aforementioned characteristics. Multidisciplinary research on using mobile applications for social entrepreneurship and its impact in delivering benefit to the mass population is at an emerging stage (Karippacheril, et al. 2013). It highlights the po tential of using mobile technologies and application â€Å"for social and economic empowerment, ethnographic, anthropological and telecommunications aspects†. Academic literature mobile phone application largely focuses upon the acceptance, use and impact of mobile services (Andonova, 2006; Donner, 2008; Garbacz Thompson, 2007; Minges, 1999). Numerous studies have shown that mobile phone applications can significantly affect the economic and social life of people living at the base of the economic pyramid (BOP). For instance, a five- year study in India proves that mobile phone application can be used to increase the efficiencies of market, reduce price dispersion and minimize price fluctuations among fishermen (Abraham, 2008; Jensen, 2007). Likewise, another study shows that mobile phone coverage was linked with a 10% increase in the farmer’s market participation rate in Uganda. The same effect was greater for the farmer living in isolated communities away from district centres (Muto Yamano, 2009). Similarly, mobile phones usage in Niger by grain traders reduced its price dispersion by 10% (Aker, 2008). Similar results were observed for the over farming households in rural Tanzania (Souter, McKemey, Scott, 2005). Mobile phones are particularly important in enhancing the lives of rural poor and generally for impr oving the lives of masses because it breaks down the two primary elements of the digital divide; poverty and isolation (Navas Sabater, Dymond, Juntunen, 2002). Pertaining to the platform theory, mobile phones provide platforms (both feature and smart phones) are vital for local providers, developers and social entrepreneurs in creating services that can be made available to a wide population in a trouble-free and affordable way. The goal of social entrepreneurs is to assess how these application platforms can be used in an innovative way to bridge access to the service gap for mass population. Research Question and Method This paper focuses on the advances in mobile phone application development and their relevance for social entrepreneurs. It research questions are: Are the advances in mobile phone platform/applications relevant for social entrepreneurs? How can mobile application be used to by social entrepreneurs to create and sustain a social value? How effective are mobile phone platform/applications in enabling the identification of new opportunities and continuous innovation in serving the social objective? This study assesses how mobile phone platforms and applications are been used by social entrepreneurs to bridge the access to the services gap especially for the communities living at the base of the economic pyramid. This study aims to collect and analyze information regarding M-PESA initiative in Kenya to achieve its research goal. The research can opt for either of the two popular research approaches for this purpose. If the researcher wishes to get a broad and representative data, he/she can opt for a survey approach; while for getting in-depth understanding of a particular situation, case study approach is most suitable (Fisher, 2004). Fisher contends that although â€Å"case studies inevitably lose their representativeness, the power of case study just lies in its capacity to provide insights and resonance for the reader, and it is not true to claim that case studies lack generalisability† (Fisher, 2004, p52). Moreover, generalisability of case studies is deemed more valuable and insightful when it is about organizational processes and business strategies (Tony, 1994 cited in Fisher, 2004). Indeed case studies can be used as experiments to test a theory and if a case study shows a the ory to be untrue, the rejection of the theory can be generalized (Yin, 1994). Considering the scope and purpose of this essay, which is essentially focused on a particular application/platform or business situation, case study method is deemed as most appropriate. Analysis and Results M-PESA is a social entrepreneurial initiative which provides mobile money transfer service. It was launched in Kenya in 2007. Plyler et al, (2010) describe M-PESA as â€Å"an agent-assisted, mobile phone-based, person-to-person payment and money transfer system, was launched in Kenya on March 6, 2007M-PESA an agent-assisted, mobile phone-based, person-to-person payment and money transfer system†. Its social objective is to facilitate financial transactions for those who do not possess a bank account in Kenya. M-PESA allows users to store money on their mobile phones in an e-account and deposit or withdraw money in the form of hard currency at one of M-PESA’s numerous agent locations (Plyler et al, 2010). It does not pay interest on deposits, nor does it make loans (GSMA, 2010). According to Safaricom, the company behind this initiative, there are as many as 9.7 million 30-day active customers currently registered with the company in Kenya (Levin, 2012). Overall, company has 15 million Kenyan registered. M-PESA service facilitates an incredible $1.4 billion USD in payment ever month (Leishman, 2012). M-PESA Technology M-PESA is delivered through a Sim Toolkit (STK) technology which is part of the GSM standard and can work on almost every mobile phone available in the market. It is vital that this service is based on STK technology as advance applications requiring an operating system platform available in smartphones would render this service ineffective due to the inaccessibility of smartphone technology to the wide Kenyan population. With STK, this application can be stored on a SIM card which can be accessed through a phone’s menu. With this, the application is highly secured unlike other internet enabled applications. It does not require SIM card to be swapped (GSMA, 2009). M-PESA service accepts cash deposits from customers having a Safaricom SIM card and resgistred with M-PESA as a user. Resgistration process is simple as it only requires any official identity document such as national ID card or a passport. In exchange for the cash deposit, the service offers a commodity called ‘e-float’, which is measured in the same unit as money and held under the account of the depositor. These e-floats can be transferred to another user, who can redeem it in cash from any M-PESA service agent. The withdrawals are charged by the company at 40 US cents flat rate. Due to the widespread prevalence of this service, e-floats are widely used as an alternative to cash payments in Kenya (Jack and Suri, 2010). The success of this service has led to the emergence of several similar services in Tanzania, Zambia (GSMA, 2009) among various other developing countries. Research indicates that M-PESA has had an overwhelming impact â€Å"in reducing the cost, time and security issues of sending money to family members, receiving payments and improving efficiency for small businesses in the informal sector† (Reid, 2012). Over the years, the ease of money transactions facilitated by M-PESA has had a significant positive impact upon: food security; by impacting upon the local agricultural production, increasing the purchasing power of consumer’s, food availability water security; by impacting upon agricultural productivity and business expansion overall community; in terms of local economic expansion, security, capital accumulation and business environment (see GSMA, 2010 for details) The provision of M-PESA service was enabled by the mobile phone technology platform and its success was partly due to the prevailing widespread use of the mobile phones in Kenya. It is vital that this service is based on STK technology as advance applications requiring an operating system platform available in smart phone would render this service ineffective due to the inaccessibility of smart phone technology to the wide Kenyan population. In context of the platform theory, the enablement of this social entrepreneurship through the STK technology confirms the relevance of mobile phone applications as a platform in creating innovative solutions for the society. Discussion and Implications Referring back to the research questions, the findings of this study confirm the significant relevance of mobile phone platforms and application for social entrepreneurship. The impact of M-PESA upon the Kenyan rural communities and people living at the base of economic pyramid affirms this contention. Moreover, the usage of this application by 15 million people, and the amount of economic activity being performed over it shows that this mode of service is reliable and creates sustainable social value for the users. The rise of such applications in various other developing countries also affirms the contention that mobile application enables the identification of new opportunities and continuous innovation in serving the social objective. It should be noted that the success story of M-PESA does not necessarily imply that every other social entrepreneurial initiative using mobile phone application will be as successful as this. This study is limited in its scope in that it does not detail the particular factors that contributed towards the success of this social entrepreneur initiative. Conclusion and Recommendations Mobile phone application offers an effective means of creating social value through innovative and sustainable solutions and services to people living at the base of economic pyramid. The low-cost of handsets and increasing penetration of mobile phone networks across the globe provides millions of people who do not have regular access to computer based information technologies or fixed-line telephones to communicate and transfer data through mobile phone applications. M-PESA is an exemplary social entrepreneurial initiative which uses mobile phone application platform to enable more than 15 million users in Kenya to transfer money electronically without having a bank account.   The ease of financial transactions has triggered numerous social and economical benefits to poor masses. Based on the finding of this research, this study proposed several recommendations for making a social entrepreneurial initiative successful through the use of mobile application. These are: A social entrepreneur planning to launch a mobile application service should build a clear proposition for potential users. For instance, in the case of M-PESA, there was a well established urban-rural remittance corridor in Kenya which was further enhanced by Safaricom through this mobile application A social entrepreneur should carefully consider the unique country context in creating a tailored mobile application solution for potential users. M-PESA application was developed using STK technology considering the demographics of the population. The service also integrated with the existing remittance stream (service agents) which led to its widespread acceptance. References Abraham,R. (2008). Mobile phones and economic development: Evidence from the fishing industry in India. Information Technologies and International Development, 4(1), 5–17. Andonova, V. (2006).Mobile phones, the Internet and the institutional environment Telecommunications Policy, 30(1), 29–45. Bruin, A. and Dupuis, A (2003). Entrepreneurship:  New Perspectives in a Global Age. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. Dees, J. G., Emerson, J. Economy, P. (2001) Enterprising Non-profits: A Toolkit for Social Entrepreneurs. New York: Wiley Sons, Inc. Donner, J. (2008). Research approaches to mobile use in the developing world: A review of the literature. The Information Society, 24(3), 140–159. Fisher, C. (2004), Researching and Writing a Dissertation – For Business Students, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. Garbacz,C.,Thompson,H.G.,Jr.(2007).Demand for telecommunication services in developing countries. Telecommunications Policy, 31(5), 276–289. GSMA. (2009) Mobile Money for the Unbanked. Annual Report 2009 GSMA. (2010) Mobile Money for the Unbanked. What Makes a Successful Mobile Money Implementation? Learnings from M-PESA in Kenya and Tanzania Jack. W. And Suri, T. (2010) The  Economics  of  M†PESA. Available from gsma.com/mobilefordevelopment/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/economics_MPESA.pdf (cited on 4th, April, 2013) Jensen,R.(2007).Thedigitalprovide:Information(technology),marketperformance,andwelfareintheSouthIndianfisheriessector. Quarterly Journalof Economics, 122(3), 879–924. Minges, M.(1999).Mobile cellular communications in the Southern African region. Telecommunications Policy, 23(7), 585–593. Navas-Sabater, J., Dymond, A., Juntunen, N. (2002). Telecommunications and information services for the poor: Towards universal access. World Bank discussion paper no. 432. Available from  Ã‚   /http://wwwwds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2002/05/03/000094946_ 02041804225061/Rendered/PDF/multi0page.pdfS. Plyler, M., Hass. S., and Nagarajan, G. (2010) Community-Level Economic Effects of M-PESA in Kenya: Initial Findings. Financial Service Assessment. Available from gsma.com/mobilefordevelopment/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Community-Level-Economic-Effects-of-M-PESA-in-Kenya.pdf (cited on 4th March, 2013) Souter, D., McKemey, K., Scott, N. (2005). The economic impact of telecommunications on rural livelihoods and poverty reduction. DFID. Yin, R.K. (1994), Case Study Research – Design and Method, 2nd ed., Sage, Newbury Park, CA.

Provenience, Provenance, Lets Call the Whole Thing Off

Provenience, Provenance, Lets Call the Whole Thing Off Provenience and provenance are two words that have similar meanings and similar etymologies according to Merriam Websters dictionary  but have very different meanings as they are used by scholars working in the fields of archaeology  and art history. Provenance, according to the online version of Merriam Websters dictionary, means the history of ownership of a valued object and it is the oldest (or parent) of the two words. Provenance is derived from the French word provenir, meaning to come forth, and it has been in use in English since the 1780s.Provenience, according to the same source, is the younger (or child) of the two forms. It is a synonym for provenance, and it also derives from the French word provenir and it has been in use in English since the 1880s. However, amongst art historians and archaeologists, these two words are not synonyms, in fact, there is a nuanced meaning to each in our scholarly writings and discussions.   Artifact Context This discussion arises out of the interest of scholars and academics in verifying the authenticity (and thus value, whether monetary or scholarly) of an artifact or a piece of art. What art historians use to determine an objects authenticity is the chain of ownership: they typically know or can work out the likely maker, but who owned it first, and how did that painting or sculpture make its way to the present owner? If theres a gap in that chain during which time they dont know who owned a particular object for a decade or century, there is a possibility that the object was forged. Archaeologists, on the other hand, dont care who owned an object- they are more interested in the context of an object within the community of its (mostly original) users. For an archaeologist to maintain that an object has meaning and intrinsic value, she needs to know how it was used, what archaeological site it came from, and where it was deposited within that site. The context of the artifact is important information about an object, context which is often lost when an artifact is bought by a collector and passed down from hand to hand. Fighting Words These can be fighting words between these two groups of scholars. An art historian sees merit in a Minoan sculpture fragment in a museum no matter where it came from, they just want to know if its real; an archaeologist feels its just another Minoan sculpture unless they know it was found in a trash deposit in the back of a shrine at Knossos. So, we need two words. One to clarify the chain of ownership for art historians, and one to clarify the context of an object for archaeologists. Provenance: The detailed history of where an artifact has been since its creation.Provenience: The precise location where an artifact or archaeological sample was recovered archaeologically. An Example by Way of an Explanation Let us consider the meaning of a silver denarius, one of an estimated 22.5 million Roman coins minted for Julius Caesar between 49-45 BC. The provenance of that coin could include its creation in the mint in Italy, its loss in a shipwreck in the Adriatic sea, its recovery by shell divers, its purchase first by an antiquities dealer, then by a tourist who left it to her son who eventually sold it to the museum. The denariuss authenticity is established (in part) by its chain of ownership from the shipwreck. To an archaeologist, however, that denarius is one of millions of coins minted for Caesar and not very interesting, unless we know that the coin was found in the wreck of the Iulia Felix, a small cargo ship wrecked in the Adriatic while it  participated in the international glass trade of the third century AD. The Loss of Provenience When archaeologists lament the loss of provenience from a looted art object, what we really mean is that part of the provenance has been lost- we are interested in why  a Roman coin turned up in a shipwreck 400 years after it was made; while art historians dont really care, since they can generally figure out what mint a coin came from by the information stamped on its surface. Its a Roman coin, what else do we need to know? says an art historian; The shipping trade in the Mediterranean region during late Roman times says an archaeologist. It all comes down to a question of context. Because provenance for an art historian is important to establish ownership, but provenience is interesting to an archaeologist to establish meaning. In 2006, reader Eric P elegantly nailed the difference with a pair of apt metaphors: Provenience is an artifacts birthplace, while Provenance is an artifacts resume.

Collaborative Problem Solving Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Collaborative Problem Solving Model - Essay Example In the thick of the problem students' work in groups, co-operate, and often act as professionals facing problems as they occur without suggesting any boundaries on the part of the teacher. Indeed the information they have may not be sufficient. However, with in the limitations they arrive at solutions, which are far more effective than the traditional teacher centered problem-solving approach. and peers than he/she can achieve by them self. Social interaction is beneficial for the growth of the child. It has also been confirmed by research that peer collaboration can facilitate better performance when one child is more advanced. In brief, the problem-solving ability can heighten when they work together. effectiveness of collaborative problem solving in certain situations. Studies on peer collaboration among school-aged children have sometimes questioned the benefit of collaboration under a certain age. Research has been somewhat inconclusive on this problem. It found that five year-olds were more likely to get involved in discussion and collaboration than 3 year-olds. Moreover, it was found that 5 to 6 year old children performed better, when they worked with a more competent partner than when they worked with a less competent partner. In fact, more research is called for to determine at what age collaborative sharing can be effective (Vermette, 1998). Application of collaborative problem solving can be done in the classroom in reference to an ecosystem. The ecosystem of the saltwater marsh is ideally suited for this study. Any ecosystem has four major components. First, there are the nonliving or abiotic components. The other three components are the living organisms. They are the producers, consumers, and decomposers. The goal of exercise is to develop a deeper understanding of the interdependence with ecosystems by examining how plants and animals are interdependent. The student should also develop enough knowledge about the marsh plants and animals. They should build sufficient vocabulary to explain scientific phenomenon in proper terms. In this study, the ultimate aim is to make a comparative study of the traditional method and the application of collaborative problem solving approach in teaching. For collaborative problem solving study, two standard methods are available, Student Teams-Achievement Division (STAD) and Jigsaw. A Jigsaw classroom method is preferred because it not only helps in collaborative problem solving, but also helps in narrowing down ethnic, cultural, and religious differences among the learners. In the Jigsaw approach, all the students have the opportunity to be a teacher,

Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 27

Analysis - Essay Example Whereas, K12 learners are comparatively passive and they trust the instructor’s ideas unconditionally (Lc.unsw.edu.au, 2015).Working adults are focused upon evaluation and need practical application upon the topic being taught but evaluation and high level practical approach is not the need of K12 learners. However, both focus upon learning and enhancing their abilities and skills. Bloom’s taxonomy consists of six different stages which are (starting from lowest to highest) knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis synthesis and evaluation (Metro, 2015). According to the needs identified above Bloom’s taxonomy can be used by focusing more upon knowledge, comprehension and application than analysis, synthesis and evaluation, vice versa for higher studies learners (Tech, 2015). For example while teaching Newton’s three laws of motion the school learners should be able to recite three laws of motion (knowledge), explain three laws of motion in their own words (comprehension) and be able to calculate the kinetic energy of a projectile (application). Whereas higher studies students along with this should be able to differentiate between potential and kinetic energy (analysis), design the problem dealing with the conservation of energy (synthesis) and determine whether using conservation of energy or conservation of momentum would be more appropriate for solving a dynamic problem (evaluation). (Tech, 2015)I consider myself a lifelong learner. My instructional needs include clear, concrete communication with a practical approach.   Lc.unsw.edu.au,. (2015).  Differences Between High School and Uni >> First Steps: A Beginners Guide to Uni >> The Learning Centre UNSW. Retrieved 23 January 2015, from http://www.lc.unsw.edu.au/firststeps/differ.html Metro, k. (2015).  Writing Objectives Using Blooms Taxonomy | The Center for Teaching and Learning | UNC Charlotte.  Teaching.uncc.edu. Retrieved 23

Tech Organizational Development and Management of Samsung Research Paper

Tech Organizational Development and Management of Samsung - Research Paper Example The researcher states that the corporate culture of Samsung is one that is creative given the fast developing world of technology. The electronics industry is a rapidly developing industry and within this industry, new products are constantly making older products obsolete. For example, the 12.1-megapixel camera replaces that 14.2-megapixel camera in just a few months, Since Samsung belongs to the category of electronics, it needs an organizational culture that quickly adapts to change. Therefore in order to keep up with the changing external environment, Samsung Electronics has developed a flexible organizational culture where employees have the power to choose their own workplace. Employees are required to positively contribute to the organization and it does not matter where they operate or when they operate. It is on account of this culture that Samsung Electronics is considered to the leading company within the electronics industry. It has been able to launch innovative products such as ‘eyeCan’ in 2012 for disabled people. The company has also been able to successfully implement its Greenhouse Gas (GHG) program that has made its product more environmentally sustainable. There are different approaches to identify the culture within an organization. One of the most widely used cultural analytical tools is the OCAI. The OCAI assesses the culture of the organization through six dimensions namely, the dominant characters in the organization; the leadership approach within the organization; the management of the employees; the organizational cohesiveness; clear vision and reward program. The OCAI here would be used to analyze the culture of Samsung Electronics. The dominant characteristic of the organization is constant innovation. The company takes challenges very seriously and always comes up with innovative products that put the competition on the edge.

A Business Plan to Open a Portuguese Restaurant in London Essay

A Business Plan to Open a Portuguese Restaurant in London - Essay Example The management plan is discussed majorly for the employee’s costs and benefits. The financial plan shows the financial plan, profit and loss statements, balance sheet, Industry ratios, and addresses every possible risk and how to manage the risks along with several recommendations. The Portuguese restaurant will be a multicultural restaurant that will get to serve customers desiring Portuguese and American food. The restaurant seeks to meet every need of the diverse and growing ethnicity of the London city and targets to be the first to offer the authentic Portuguese foods. Food from the restaurant will get prepared primarily from food products that are fresh. The restaurant will have to create a Portuguese atmosphere. International music and culture will get incorporated into the restaurant using the paintings, murals and Portuguese music. The restaurant will get started in six months’ time, and the location of the restaurant will be in the north central of London city. The size of the restaurant will be 1200 square feet and will comprise of cooking area with freezer and refrigerator, counter eating area, restroom, dining area and waiting area for the takeout food. The owner’s, John Smith, prior experiences in the management of the restaurant resulted in his desire to want to manage and own a restaurant. Currently, John works at J &A Catering and Entertainment Corporation. Therefore, John Smith is the one that will operate the Travellers restaurant, and this is due to his goal of owning and operating a restaurant that he can utilize his proven experience and professional skills. His skills and experience in the restaurant business go back as far as 2007. From 2007- 2010, he worked as a cook for the Burger King Restaurant. From 2010- 2012 he operated as cook in Popeye’s Fort Wayne. At J&A Catering and Entertainment, he was responsible for managing the bar and getting to plan special events. His ability include working long hours,

Campbell's targets growing make grocery shopping Case Study

Campbell's targets growing make grocery shopping - Case Study Example The role of classical conditioning also comes into play at this stage. The advertisement acts as a conditioned stimulus (role of shopping performed by men) and the target audience is exposed to this advertisement to elicit the conditioned response (men go out to shop). Table A reveals that both men and women tend to buy less variety so as to reduce the number of items purchased. In general, both genders do not make a list of the specific brands they intend to buy. More than half; 56% men and 51% women list only the categories they have to buy. Neither men nor women choose products because they fetch discounts on loyalty cards. However 33% men and 36% women buy store brands to save money. A vast majority of shoppers; 73% men and 78 % women rely on previous usage and experience while selecting brands. Very few shoppers base their choice on product label and packaging. More women (43%) tend to shop for ‘all-purpose’ cleaning supplies than men (31%). Women also have a tendency to look at a store circular (59%) and make additional unplanned purchases (54%). On the other hand, 49% of the males go through a store circular and only 44% make unplanned purchases. List making behavior, especially making list based on ingredients needed for recipes, elicits pretty divergent behavior between the two genders. 46% of the women make such lists as against 33% males. A lot of women (52%) select brands on the basis of coupons picked up from home as compared to 40% of the males who base their purchase decision on this parameter. If a product is requested by a household member, 44% of women pick it up while only 30% of the males do so. The aforesaid discussion suggests that marketers of packaged-goods grocery items should have their products and brands listed on the circulars in the stores since 49% of the men tend to read such circulars. The advertising objective should be to make the brand synonymous with the product category since 56% of the men mention only

Learning journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Learning journal - Essay Example Significantly, Student A had a fast food business and is looking to taking a shift after completion of his degree in Business Degree where he hopes to be a financial Analyst after a certain period. Strategic Learner Realizing one-self is a vital factor especially when one wants to be successful; typically, one should know the kind of person they are and what style and mode of learning fits them best. Considerably, the best methods which are applicable when it comes to interpreting of information are through visual, audio and kinesthetic methods and this can go hand in hand with reflection, experience, theories and experiments (Fleming and Mills, 1992: Kolb, 1984). Student A learns most out of seeing and activity, as from the results which he should put much into so that they can impact his life as an academic and a professional. Any good learner with a strategy will identify specific methods (one of them being a main method) that they will use for their personal learning experience a nd simply apply these methods with Kolb’s cycle. From this a lot can be achieved including Student As goals and aims in both worlds (academic and professional). Moreover, the mindset of a person also matters in any learning situation and a matter of fact the best mind set is one that has room for growth and not the fixed mindset (Carol 2007). In this case, Student A must have a growth- mindset that will help him overcome the different difficulties and challenges in different situations i.e. he can acquire more knowledge out of the normal class/school setting and read further about the current trends of the business world and this will have a great impact and be part of the learning process. Student A will be in a better position if he is able to learn independently and the growth mindset will be easily developed; all the same, this will involve seeing the teacher after class or before for consultation, guidance and feedback. Significantly, there are merits that Student A has like his problem solving and investigating skills that are essential when it comes to independent study but his poor skills in time management and planning might be a big hindrance to his development as a strategic learner. Being a financial analyst requires a lot and for Student A to be successful he must have a lot of self-awareness and high emotional intelligence which he will be likely to apply in most of his working situations. Self awareness and emotional intelligence are applied in social and professional behavior through displaying high levels of maturity and consideration of the people one is working with, respecting both these people and also the cultures of these environments despite the diversity. By and large, Student A must be alert in all the relative areas reflected in his learning journal, core skills and personal SWOT analysis portraying high level of confidence and put into action an active learning style. However, he must also observe his weaknesses and not let t hem take the best of opportunities or affect his learning and development. Skills Analysis Student A’s has high mark when it comes to his core skills through experiences and a lot of developments that have helped him in analysis; all the same, through the SWOT analysis the threats still

Campbell's targets growing make grocery shopping Case Study

Campbell's targets growing make grocery shopping - Case Study Example The role of classical conditioning also comes into play at this stage. The advertisement acts as a conditioned stimulus (role of shopping performed by men) and the target audience is exposed to this advertisement to elicit the conditioned response (men go out to shop). Table A reveals that both men and women tend to buy less variety so as to reduce the number of items purchased. In general, both genders do not make a list of the specific brands they intend to buy. More than half; 56% men and 51% women list only the categories they have to buy. Neither men nor women choose products because they fetch discounts on loyalty cards. However 33% men and 36% women buy store brands to save money. A vast majority of shoppers; 73% men and 78 % women rely on previous usage and experience while selecting brands. Very few shoppers base their choice on product label and packaging. More women (43%) tend to shop for ‘all-purpose’ cleaning supplies than men (31%). Women also have a tendency to look at a store circular (59%) and make additional unplanned purchases (54%). On the other hand, 49% of the males go through a store circular and only 44% make unplanned purchases. List making behavior, especially making list based on ingredients needed for recipes, elicits pretty divergent behavior between the two genders. 46% of the women make such lists as against 33% males. A lot of women (52%) select brands on the basis of coupons picked up from home as compared to 40% of the males who base their purchase decision on this parameter. If a product is requested by a household member, 44% of women pick it up while only 30% of the males do so. The aforesaid discussion suggests that marketers of packaged-goods grocery items should have their products and brands listed on the circulars in the stores since 49% of the men tend to read such circulars. The advertising objective should be to make the brand synonymous with the product category since 56% of the men mention only

European Efforts for the Empowerment of Talent Essay Example for Free

European Efforts for the Empowerment of Talent Essay The author gives the tremendous account for the efforts put by the European Commission in empowering its talent by facilitating, sponsoring, and being a driving force behind its universities. There is high stress on innovation, research, promotion of research, and association of research into teaching for the last two decades. There is also serious effort put by the European Commission in nurturing the link between its universities and industry so that talent empowerment can be up to the latest requirement by developing curricula through research and collaboration of industry and universities. There are considerable programs being run by the European Commission to meet its set targets which seem well organized as compared to the rest of the world in relation with empowering the youth through education in globalization. There is also great effort put by the same region on the development of distance learning programs that aim to foster the back benchers of society. Additionally, information and communication technologies and continuing education or learning as a lifelong process are other milestones that European Commission is set to cover. Among a number of programs, the very recent ones are: the European Research Area (ERA), the European Credit Transfer System (ECTS) and the European Higher Education Area (EHEA)/Bologna process . Thus, by putting efforts on the reformation of the ways of education today the world can be rightly globalized in a positive way that can benefit all the nations and peoples. This way, universities can play a more vital role as important, indeed, as it was in the past. The global approach to education calls for â€Å"research on strategic and monitoring planning to manage globalization and technological and scientific change. To properly manage this, a more holistic view and a better interface across all relevant knowledge areas is necessary† .

Treatments of Parkinsons Disease

Treatments of Parkinsons Disease Parkinsons disease is a neurological condition that affects the sufferers mobility and speech. It affects the central nervous system, leading to a persons inability to control muscles throughout the body. It is a disease whose treatment does not intend to cure it but instead, aims at controlling its manifestation. There are various ways in which this can be done. It may involve the use of drugs or the performance of surgery. Doctors strongly recommend exercise to try to keep muscles strong. It progresses gradually or severely from the early stages with mild symptoms to later stages with severe symptoms. The disease is a result of lowered formation and action of dopamine which is produced by the dopaminergic neurons found in the brain. This knowledge led to the formation of drugs that will either increase the formation or mimic the actions taken by dopamine in the brain. This was important because an increase in the levels of dopamine would lead to a reduction of the effects of the disease. All the drugs used to control the disease include dopamine as their main active agent regardless of how it works. Depending on which class of drugs it belongs to, it may either mimic or produce dopamine. Among the earliest forms of treatments are the anticholinergics. These were used even before the introduction of Levodopa, which is now the most widely used drug. The anticholinergics had very little benefits when compared to the harmful side effects caused by usage. The side effects include having a dry mouth, urine retention (which especially occurs among men), and very severe constipation and nausea. There are some other side effects that occur that are more serious and are among the major reasons why the use of these drugs has become minimal. These include confusion, memory loss, and hallucination (http://www.mayoclinic.com). The realization that the benefits seen were much less than the side effects it causes has led to the reduction of its prescription. Since some anti-depressants and antihistamines tend to have almost the same effect as the anticholinergics, doctors will prescribe them to older people who are suffering from this terrible disease. Once an individual experiences any of the serious severe symptoms, it is advised that the use of the drug be stopped immediately. Levodopa is a drug that was introduced in 1967 and is currently the most commonly used drug. It is most commonly referred to as Sinemet and is used to help restore ones control over ones muscles. Levodopa is referred to as the gold standard of Parkinsons treatment because it is usually used as the first line of defense. The reason a sufferer of Parkinsons cant just take Dopamine itself is because Dopamine cannot breakthrough the blood-brain barrier. Levodopa can get through this barrier and is converted to Dopamine once it reaches the brain. It therefore increases the level of Dopamine and counters the effects of the disease. The conversion to Dopamine is what leads to the positive effects that a patient experiences when using the drug (Henkel). Levodopa however has very serious side effects which include nausea and dyskinesias (involuntary movement). This occurs because only a small percentage of the drug actually reaches the brain to be transformed into Dopamine. The rest of it is transformed into dopamine in the body. It therefore becomes necessary to use Carbidopa, which delays the metabolism of Levodopa until it reaches the dopaminergic neurons in the brain. The combination helps reduce the side effects caused by the drug. Carbidopa delays the metabolism of Levodopa, keeping it from metabolizing in the body. This helps to greatly reduce the side effects felt by the user. The other problem posed by the use of this drug is that its dosage needs to be increased over time. It has also been observed to work on and off without any explanation or reason. This makes it unreliable because its effects are not constant, and at times the patient gets violent attacks while still under medication. The various side effects and unreliability of levodopa leads to the necessity to combine it with various other drugs to make it more effective. Some of these drugs can be used on their own while others actually require to be used with the Levodopa-Carbidopa combination. A cluster of drugs called Dopamine agonists are usually used in a combination with the Levodopa-Carbidopa drugs. They can however also be used on their own if the disease has not greatly progressed. Also, it is recommended that these drugs only be used alone in young adults. This class of drugs does not produce or help in the production of dopamine but instead imitates the effects that Dopamine has in the body. They tend to act on behalf of Dopamine (http://www.mayoclinic.com). This class of drugs include; Apokyn, Requip, Parlodel and Mirapex. Parlodel has been used very little of late. This is because it had very serious side effects that endangered the patient more than it benefited him/her. It would cause inflammation in the lungs and/or heart valves of the user and would lead to further deterioration of the patients health. In general this class of drugs has side effects that are almost similar to those of carbidopa-levodopa but with slight differences. The effects of having involuntary movement are reduced while those of hallucinations and/or sleepiness are increased. The drug Mirapex takes up the role of dopamine in the body as it is one of the dopamine agonists. When it is used in the absence of Levodopa-Carbidopa, it causes a 30% improvement in the health of the patient. When used in combination, it is able to reduce the intake of the Levodopa dosage by about 25%. Requip is also a dopamine agonist that can also be used either alone or with Levodopa. When used together with Levodopa, it can reduce the intake of Levodopa by around 31%. The reduction of Levodopa dosage decreases side-effects to the patient (Henkel). Catechol-o-methyltransferace inhibitors, which are usually abbreviated as COMT inhibitors, are used to block the enzymes that break down the Levodopa into Dopamine before it reaches the brain. They can be used in combination with the Carbidopa-Levodopa therapy. The two main COMT inhibitors are Tasmar and Entacapone. Tasmar is rarely used because of its severe impact on the health of the user. It causes severe liver damage and hence is only used as a last resort if the patient has failed to respond to any other therapy (http://www.mayoclinic.com). Entacapone does not have side-effects as severe as those of Tasmar and is therefore recommended over Tasmar. Its major side-effect is the involuntary movements experienced by the user. It works in conjunction with the Carbidopa-Levodopa therapy by increasing their availability. This is done by blocking the enzymes that break down the substance into Dopamine until the drug is already in the brain. This then means that the effects of Levodopa-Carbidopa are prolonged because they occur only in the brain. Stalevo, another drug, is the result of a combination of Carbidopa, Levodopa and Entacapone. Selegiline, also referred to as Eldepryl, is another drug that can either be used with or without the presence of Carbidopa-Levodopa therapy. It works by preventing the metabolism of Dopamine. It does this by slowing down the activity of one of the enzymes that metabolize Dopamine. This is the monoamine oxidase B which is abbreviated as MAO-B. The use of Selegiline has other positive effects like delaying the need of Carbidopa-Levodopa. When combined with Carbidopa-Levodopa it improves the effectiveness of the drug. It can however have some adverse toxic reactions when combined with Demerol which is a narcotic drug. Apart from ingesting drugs, they can be administered through the skin through the use of a silicon-based patch. Rotigotine is a dopamine agonist drug that can be administered through the skin, but can only be used in the early stages of the disease. This is called Neupro-rotigotine transdermal system. The patch has to be changed every 24 hours. It works by stimulating the Dopamine receptors in the body. Its side-effects include skin reaction where the patch is, hallucinations, insomnia, drowsiness, sleep-attacks, nausea, vomiting and the most severe is the reduction in blood pressure once the person stands up (http://www.fda.gov). Amantadine is another drug that is used in treatment of Parkinsons disease but its use was discovered by accident. Initially it was created to be an antiviral used in the treatment of influenza and was approved as such in 1976 by the Food and Drug Administration. It was however discovered to provide short term relief when used alone in the early stages of the Parkinsons disease. When it is combined with Carbidopa-Levodopa it can be used by those in the later stages. It has side effects that mostly involve swelling of the ankles and turning skin color purple (http://www.mayoclinic.com). In every human beings body, there is the presence of coenzyme Q10 which is produced by the mitochondria. This enzyme is used in the transport of electrons so that they can gain energy from the oxygen inhaled. This is done in the process called cellular respiration. The levels of this enzyme are very low in those suffering from Parkinsons disease. These people can therefore benefit greatly by having more of this enzyme. This can only be achieved by taking supplements which can be bought from a pharmacy. This aids in helping to slow down the onset of the disease. Apart from the use of drugs, there are various surgeries that can be used to control the effects of the disease. One of the surgeries is pallidotomy which involves the destruction of a small bit of the globus pallidus. Doctors believe all people who are suffering from Parkinsons have an overactive globus pallidus. The procedure is done by drilling a small hole in the skull and using an electric probe to kill part of the pallidus. It can only be done when the patient is sedated but awake so the doctor can judge the patients reactions to stimuli. There is a globus pallidus on each side of the brain, but the operation can only be done on one side at a time. Its side effects mostly involve impaired speech (http://www.fda.gov). Thalamotomy is another surgical procedure used in the control of Parkinsons disease. It is only performed on those patients who are experiencing tremors in either the hands or the arms that become too severe to handle. Usually the tremors are so bad they disable the person. It involves the destruction of a specific group of cells that are located in the thalamus in the brain. The surgery reduces or completely eliminates the tremors in around 90% of those who undergo the procedure (http://www.fda.gov). There is also the presence of a gadget that can be compared to the pacemaker used for cardio problems. It is known as the brain pacemaker (http://www.fda.gov). This form of therapy is referred to as Active Tremor Control Therapy. It involves the surgical implantation of an insulated wire to the brain. It is placed in the thalamus region of the brain, the subthalamic nucleus, and also the globus pallidus area of the brain. The whole system includes three components which are the: lead, extension and the neurostimulator. This system is referred to as Deep Brain Stimulation because it occurs directly inside the brain. A small hole is made in the skull and through it the lead is inserted into the brain. The lead is a very thin insulated wire. The tip of the lead is in contact with the area that has been targeted. Once it has been implanted, it is connected to the neurostimulator by the extension which is also an insulated wire (http://minds.nih.gov). The extension passes under the skin and moves from the head, to the neck, the shoulder and finally to where the neurostimulator is located. The neurotransmitter is located either under the collarbone, in the abdomen or the lower chest area just directly under the skin. The neurotransmitter involves a battery pack that sends electrical impulses to the brain. This is done through the extension and the lead. When the person is undergoing tremors, he or she is supposed to pass a handheld magnet over the location of the neurostimulator. The electrical impulses that are sent by the neurostimulator work by blocking the electrical signals that are the cause of the Parkinsons disease symptoms. They are dysfunctional brain signals and they are the cause of the tremors. This procedure is preferred because it does not destroy the nerve cells and when one wants to stop its use it is as easy as having the system surgically removed. Works Cited Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinsons Disease Information. NINDS. 22 Nov. 2007 . Henkel, John. Parkinsons Disease: New Treatments Slow Onslaught of Symptoms. FDA. 22 Nov. 2007 . Neupro Patch for Parkinsons Approved. FDA. 22 Nov. 2007 . Parkinsons Disease: Treatment. MayoClinic. 22 Nov. 2007

The Problem of Teen Alcoholism in the United States Essay -- essays re

General View: It's very interesting that I find myself writing about something that not only is commonsense, but what is more, something that every one knows about in general but may not in particular. Alcohol use among teenagers is a serious problem and is responsible for death and injury in automobile accidents, physical and emotional disability, deterioration of academic performances, aggressive behavior that causes a number of other sociological problems in families and among friends. It is also the primary cause of criminal behavior and a leading cause of broken marriages. As we know it's a broad topic therefore I'll look at the role that alcohol plays in the society and it's impact on teenage addiction. MATTER OF CONCERN (Causes and effects) The age when young people are taking their first drink is becoming lower each year. Many studies show that preteens are experimenting with alcohol and many are already heavy drinkers (Cahalan 1997). It may be difficult for parents and teachers to believe that a seventh grade student can have an alcohol problem, but a study of student drinking practices shows that 5% of seventh-grade boys and 4.4% of seventh-grade girls are seriously abusing alcohol (Royce 1996). That's why we see the consequences in terms of antisocial behavior, school failure, attention deficit, learning disabilities and road accidents among the teenagers. THE MAIN CAUSE †¦..MEDIA. Despite the problems caused to young and old by alcohol, society sends mixed signals to its youth. Media presents alcohol drinking with peers as not only acceptable but also to insure friendship and as a romantic beverage. Movies present a realistic picture of alcohol abuse. A report by "scientific analysis corporation" examined drinking practices on television and found that out of 225 programs 701 alcoholic drinking acts were recorded which were against the voluntary code (Jean Lennane,1995) of the liquor industry. The code states that: a) Any actor shown drinking must be over the age sixty. a) Any drinking shown should be natural, sensible and responsible. a) Ads should not suggest that drinking alcohol contributes toward social, sexual or supporting success or as being a pre-requisite of relaxation. a) Ads should not challenge or dare people to consume alcohol. We can see the ads any night and judge rather how many don't... ...ries in traffic accidents, loss of productivity, child abuse, broken homes and other serious societal problems linked to alcohol. REMEDY: In my suggestion, an intensive education program supported by the community with qualified persons and also supported by the government in terms of financial support can positively change the attitudes and cause significant change in knowledge about alcohol. Schools can play an important role to initiate education and preventive efforts because they reach more students than any other place. It also involves complete commitment with extensive planning. ********************************************************************* REFERENCES  · Grant 1996,adolescent drug abuse, vol 76, pgg 84,85.  · Cahalan 1997, underage use and abuse of alcohol, pg 87  · Royce 1996, alcohol,the national hangover, pg 44  · Jean Lennane 1995, alcohol, pg 56  · Alcohol, the facts, 1997, Australian government publishing service,pg148  · Key Healey, 1997,Alcohol, The facts, pg 176 ADDITIONAL READINGS  · Gall T.L., 1996 , Statistics on alcohol use,gale research inc.  · Alcoholism, 1998,vol 64, Neil kessel and Henry Walton.

The Reality Of Choice Essay -- essays research papers

The term philosophy encompasses various meanings and raises many questions for example, it seeks to explore the true meaning of reality, truth, values, justice and beauty. ( Lexicon Universal Encyclopedia, 240 ). There are many terms used by philosophers that are often interpreted differently by other philosophers . Free will is an example as well as an important debatable issue. Some philosophers view free will as non existent , while others argue that it really exists and I strongly agree with the latter . Every philosopher view the world according to his own culture and religion and that's why each of them created different hypothesis and theories . Some argue that the environment plays a major role in shaping a person's personality and therefore is held responsible for all his actions . Others claim that nature in itself has the upper hand with regard to the actions of human beings. While Blatchford stressed that predicting a person's actions proves the non existence of free will . ( 105 ) However, Stace contrverted that there are both free and unfree will acts (112) but I disapprove with all the previous theories because my religious upbringing allows me to believe that free will determines our destiny. Philosophers like Mill believe that a person's environment is the major shaper of his character . He believes that everything around the person affects his personality in some way or another and thereby directing his actions to reach a certain goal previously identified for him. He believes that a person has little power over forming his own character , since his character is formed by the circumstances surrounding him and since one of these circumstances is his desire to change . This desire is awakened when the person experiences painful consequences associated with his previous character ( Mill , 477: 481) . Mill also states that " A person feels morally free who feels that his habits or his temptations are not his masters , but he theirs ; " ( Mill, 480) .Free will is the ability of deciding freely what to do without fearing anything or being influenced by a habit , a temptation ,an earlier experience or tendency. For example , I know two twins who come from a very religious and conservative family they were both brought up properly and lived in the same environment . One of them chose to conform with her f... ...e always stemming from his soul . In addition , to be fair we should reward good behavior and punish bad behavior . To sum up , man possesses free will in every aspect of his life . Through the past decades many philosophers emerged each having his own sets of ideas regarding the concept of free will . Some argue that nature was the most influential factor , others stated that a person's environment and experiences are the major factor that affects people's choices . Some thought that free will exists but it is affected by both heredity and environment . Another group of philosophers claimed that free will exists and in not affected by any forces because every free act stems from a person's conscience and every person is totally responsible for his actions . God gave us the ability to choose between right or wrong and good or bad . It is up to us whether to choose this way or the other . Ofcourse , God knows our choices in advance yet , God did not make our choices we made them ourselves . I believe in God's justice and fairness . Our choice determines our fate ; whether we should go to heaven and enjoy it's delights or hell and experience the torture we deserve .

Reflective Critique Essay

â€Å"As important as methods may be, the most practical thing we can achieve in any kind of work is insight into what is happening inside us as we do it. The more familiar we are with our inner terrain, the more sure footed our [work] – and living- becomes.† P. J. Palmer (cited in Skovholt, T. M., 2001). The pursuit for self-awareness or self-understanding is a chief factor of valuable reflective practice. Counsellors need not only to be conscious of their abilities, facts and presentation as professionals, but also wary of any private aspects that may mess with or obstruct their capability to supply an efficient and objective service. Counselling professionals in their everyday practice encounter unique and difficult circumstances which may be impossible to resolve by only scientific rationale approaches. Any counsellor employing the technique of reflective practice knows that this is as an approach which promotes deeper understanding and elicits critical thinking ski lls that spawns opportunities for further personal development. This course of Professional Development is one means of developing reflective practice, linking the internal and external worlds of the practitioner. II.The Model of Reflective Practice: With the preceding information in mind, I have come to realize that reflective practice can be a very beneficial process in my own professional development as an educator, because both teaching and learning processes requires special knowledge, skills and experiences. Reflective practice is a professional development process that is believed to be highly effective in achieving behavioral change. In the profession of counselling, reflective practice is referred to mindful practice in that reflective counsellors possess certain qualities; they are aware of their own strengths and inadequacies, they carry out counselling with purpose and intention, and they examine their own levels of stress and are wary of personal matters that may interfere with their performance. Though I may have the aforementioned underlying qualities and drive to become an efficient professional, I have discovered that reflective counsellors take the time to assess and process their performance after each counsell ing session and are obligated to ongoing personal growth and professional development. Therefore acting in the capacity as a counsellor, and depending on fair self-assessment I cannot satisfactorily state at present that my reflective practice is resonant of same because there are areas where I see weaknesses rather than strengths and I attribute this flaw to my lack of experience in the field. I believe at this point in my training I will function better under the watchful eye of a counselling supervisor. This course lent focus to a host of different models associated with reflective practice which was necessary to demonstrate proper counselling professionalism. One such model in particular refers to the work of David Schà ¶n who was very instrumental in developing concepts of self-awareness in relation to the aspect of reflective practice. Schà ¶n (1987 in Sharpy, 2005) identified two types of reflection that focused on the practitioner; reflection-in-action and reflection-on-action. According to him the first, reflection-in-action, occurs when the professional ref lects on their own behaviour as it occurs, which enhances their following actions immediately. Compared with reflection-on-action which is essentially reflection after the event, where the professional counsellor reviews, describes analyses and/or evaluates the situation, to gain insights for improved practice in the future. Using this model in my reflective practice as a counsellor was intended to elicit skills, knowledge and performance acquired from the previously related course. It was expected that I incorporated my capacity to reflect in counselling, use attending, empathy, reframing and active questioning to name a few in making the client see things differently whilst getting her closer to making the appropriate adjustments in the situation. This also meant that I had to think quickly, process information and pose questions that will bring possible solutions as I worked or as Schà ¶n would say it was mastering the art of being able to â€Å"think on your feet†. My main challenge whilst using this model is that I feel I am unable to reach interventions at once and may need time to assess situations as I would not want to cause the client ambiguity in judgments due to spur of the moment solutions; so I believe my modus operandi for reframing will be stronger after I have reflected and in reference to the model I can be stronger as a practitioner who uses â€Å"reflection-on-action† rather than â€Å"reflection-in-action†. I noticed too, that my strengths are mainly in the areas of empathy, questioning, listening and attending; and that even though I may have to ponder a bit on situations I know I have the competence to identify problems and assist in arriving at potential solutions.